Networking fundamentals

How networks carry data

Follow data from an application, through protocol layers and network devices, to its destination.

Beginner16 min read
Lesson 1Networking pathPractice

UNTIMED COACHING

Practice before the pressure

Use feedback to correct the model, not merely memorize an option position.

GUIDED PRACTICE

Practice the lesson questions

Answer normal lesson questions without a timer. Every answer includes an explanation, and incorrect answers can be tried again before continuing.

CONCEPT MODELS

See the lesson as a system

Use these visual guides to connect the key ideas before answering the questions.

How data crosses a networkDevices and forwarding equipment move data toward the destination one stage at a time.
How data crosses a networkA laptop sends data through a switch and router to a server.
Source devicecreates the data
Switchforwards inside the LAN
Routerselects the next network
Destinationreceives the data
An IPv4 address has two logical partsThe prefix identifies the network portion; the remaining bits identify a host in that network.
An IPv4 address has two logical partsAn IPv4 address is divided into a network portion and a host portion.
192.168.10.42/24IPv4 address and prefix
Network portion192.168.10
Host portion42
A router chooses the next pathThe destination address is compared with known routes before the packet leaves through an interface.
A router chooses the next pathA packet enters a router, which checks its route table and selects the next network.
Destination packetcarries a target address
Routerexamines the destination
Route tablematches the best route
Next networkpacket leaves the interface